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The Graphic Works of Bernard Salomon
illustrations for
Aesop's Fables -- Les Fables d'Esope Phrygien -- Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlae

 

      I.   Editions with images attributed to Bernard Salomon:
      II.   Notes for an Attribution history:
      III.   Development of the de Tournes Aesop cycle:
      IV.   Sources:
      V.   Copies:
      VI.   Editions viewed for this analysis:
      VII.   Editions listed for possible comparison:
      VIII.   Miscellaneous notes and observations:
      IX.   Images arranged in the order by which they entered the cycle:

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I. Editions with images attributed to Bernard Salomon:

        Aesop Editions, Lyon, Jean de Tournes,
Containing woodcuts mostly by Bernard Salomon
based, in part, on
Alfred Cartier, Bibliographie des Éditions des De Tournes, Imprimeurs Lyonnais, Paris 1937
             
pub
date
  Catalog by   Title-page transcription
Fonts and line-breaks have been normalized, orthography is unchanged.
  Notes relating to image contents, repositories and photography.
             
1547 Cartier
#71
  Les Fables d'Esope Phrygien, mises en Ryme Francoise. Auec la vie dudit Esope extraite de plusieurs autheurs par M. Antoine du Moulin Masconnois. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes, & Guillaume Gazeau. 1547.
--16°, 112 unnumbered leaves. Collation: A (4), B-O (8), P (4)
--Translation into French by Gilles Corrozet. Life of Aesop by Antoine du Moulin.
  Illus: Cartier: 100 Woodcuts figures of which one is a repetition., One from 1545 La Perriere (Cartier #40); three in common with the 1547 Alciati (Cartier #72) Size: 46x35 mm (horizontal) =>MORE
Repos: Harvard (Houghton, Typ. 515. 47. 123), Fr. 16th C., No 5.
Photos: 1386-10 to 1404-01, 1405-02 to 1425-25
1549 Cartier
#128
  Les Fables d'Esope Phrygien mises en Ryme Francoise. Auec la vie dudit Esope extraite de plusieurs autheurs par M. Antoine du Moulin Masconnois. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes, & Guillaume Gazeau. 1549.
--16°, 223 numbered pages (including title-page), 1 unnumbered page [224] containing Cartier's Mark "Pris."
  Illus: Same 100 woodcuts as 1547 ed. (Cartier #71) Cartier: Reimpression of 1547 edition. =>MORE
1551 Cartier
#183
  Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlae Elegantissimis Eiconibus ueris animalium specis ad uiuum adumbrantes. Gabræ Graæci fabellæ XXXXIIII. [Cartier: 43] ?at?a??µ??µ???a [Batrachomyomachia] Homeri, hoc est, ranarum & murium pugna. Ga?e?µ??µa??a, hoc est, Felium & murium pugna, Tragœdia Græca. Hæc omnia cum Latina interpretatione. [Cartier's Mark: Vip. a.] Lvgdvni. Apud Ioan. Tornaesium. M.D.LI.
--16°, 375 numbered pages, 1 page unnumbered, 3 leaves unnumbered, 1 blank leaf with Cartier's mark: Pris on the verso.
  Illus: Repeats 40 woodcuts from 1547 edition. Cartier disattributes 3 from Salomon's oeuvre, but these were borrowed from earlier Salomon works. Of the seven images in this edition that did not appear in the 1547 or 1549 editions, only two make their first appearance in this edition: 1) p. 173, fable 44 (Lignator et Mercurius [Woodcutter and Mercury]), 2. p. 193, fable 61 (Testudo et Aguila). =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (B.N. [Yb 3038] -- Grenoble -- Rouen -- Toulouse -- Vadiane, St. Gall -- Milan)
Harvard (Houghton), Fr. 16th C. No. 7 (1570 ed.), example in Hofer Coll.
Photos: 1425-06 to 1431-15
1551 Cartier
#184
  Les Fables d'Esope Phrygien, mises en Ryme Françoise. Auec la vie dudio Esope extraite de plusieurs autheurs par M. Antoine du Moulin Masconnois. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes & Guillaume Gazeau. 1551.
--16°, 223 numbered pages (including the title-page). Verso of last leaf bears Cartier's mark: "Pris." Title enframement: Nude Children.
  Illus: Repeats the 100 woodcuts, page for page as 1549 edition. =>MORE
1556 Cartier
#320
  Aesopi Phrigis, et aliorum Fabulæ. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan. Tornæsium, & Guliel. Gazeium. 1556.
--16°, 302 numbered pages, 1 leaf blank on verso. With Cartier's mark "Sen I" on the verso.
  Illus: Cartier counts 101 woodcuts with 94 from the Aesop set and 7 from the de Tournes set of Alciati. This author, instead, finds one woodcut appearing for the first time in this edition, with six belonging to the Alciati set: p. 93, fable 22: Leo & Lupus. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (B.N. -- Le Mans, B.L. 3054)
(rab-i: B.N. Rés. Yb 1001)
1564 Cartier
#500
  Æsopi Phrygis, et aliorum Fabulæ. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan. Tornæsium. 1564.
--16°, 302 numbered pages (including title), 1 final leaf for Cartier's mark: "quod tibi... et virum" located on the verso. Title page uses Cartier's "arabesque No. 1"
  Illus: Cartier: Page for page reprinting of 1556 edition, containing the same images. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (Cartier collection.)
1570 Cartier
#535
  Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlæ Elegantissimis eiconibus veras animaliü species ad viuü adumbrantes. Gabriæ Græci fabellæ XXXXIIII [Cartier: 43] ?at?a??µ??µ???a Homeri, hoc est, ranarum & murium pugna, ?a?e?µ??µa??a, hoc est, Felium & murium pugna. Tragædia Græca. Hæc omnia cum Latina interpretatione. Nunc primùm accesserunt Auieni antiqui autoris fabulæ, nusquam antehac editæ. [Greek & Latin]. [Cartier's mark: "Vip. m.] Lvgdvni, Apud Ioannem Tornaesivm Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXX.
--16°, 410 numbered pages (including title-page) and 3 end leaves unnumbered.
  Illus: Cartier: 61 woodcuts, being those of the 1551 (40 cuts), (Cartier #183) edition, plus 21 woodcuts never previously published. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (B.N. -- Carpentras. -- Le Mans. -- Lyon. -- Tours. -- Troyes. -- Brit. Mus. -- Vadiane, Saint-Gall. )
Harvard (Houghton), Fr. 16th C., #7.
Morgan Library: E-2/51/C Acc # 5088
(rab-i:B.N. Rés Yb 998)
Photos: 1433-27
1571 Cartier
#543
  Fabvlæ Æsopicæ, Plures quingentis, & aliæ quædam narrationes, cum historia vitæ fortunæq; Aesopi, compositæ studio & diligentia Ioachimi Camerarii Pab. [Cartier's "sic"] quibus additæ sunt & Liuianæ & Gellianæ ac aliorum quædam, cum interpretatione Græcorum, & explicatione quorundam aliorum. [Aesop Medallion]. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan. Tornaesivm, Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXXI.
--16°, 637 numbered pages and 9 unnumbered leaves for the Index fabvlarum æsopicarum that begins on p. [638]. The verso of the last leaf is blank.
  Illus: Cartier: 110 figures. RAB: Including 5 woodcuts appearing here for the first time: p. 178 (fable 123), p. 217 (fable 177), p. 247 (fable 209), p. 470 (fable 488), p. 575. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (B.N. [Yb 3073] -- Lyon. -- Toulouse. -- Brit. Mus.)
(rab-i: UCLA, Sp. Coll. PA 3855 A2 1571., B.N. Yb 3073)
Photos: 1078-35 to 1098-07
1579 Cartier
#592
  Fabvlæ Æsopicæ, Plures quingentis, & aliæ quædam narrationes, cum historica [Cartier: sic] vitæ fortunæq; Aesopi, compositæ studio & diligentia I.[oachimi] C.[amerarii] P.[abergensis]. Quibus additæ sunt & Liuianæ & Gellianæ ac aliorum quædam, cum interpretatione Græcorum, & explicatione quorundam aliorum. [Aesop Medallion]. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan. Tornaesivm, Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXXIX.
--16°, 637 numbered pages and 1 page and 9 unnumbered leaves for the Index. The verso of the last leaf is blank.
  Illus: Cartier: Page for page reimpression of the 1571 edition, containing the same woodcuts, being, in total, 110.
Repos: Cartier: (B.N. -- Grenoble. -- Lyon. -- Tours. -- Brit. Mus.) =>MORE
Brun: (Bibl. École des B.-A. Masson 949)
1580 Cartier
#603
  Æsopi Phrygis fabulæ elegantissimis iconibus veras animalium species ad vivum adumbrantes... Haec omnia cum latina interpretatione. Nunc primum accesserunt Avieni antiqui autoris fabulæ nusquam antehac editæ. Lugduni. Apud Ioan. Tornaesium, 1580.
--16°, figures.
  Illus: Not seen by Cartier. Reference from a catalogue. Illustrated with figures. RAB: [See Cartier #694, which gives this edition 61 woodcuts.] =>MORE
1582 Cartier
#624
  Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlæ elegantisimis eiconibus veras animalium species ad viuum adumbrantes. Gabriæ Græci fabellæ XXXXIIII, etc. [Cartier's Mark "Vip. o."] Lvgdvni, Apud Ioannem Tornaesivm Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXXXII.
--16°, 410 pages and 3 leaves unnumbered.
  Illus: Cartier: 81 [sic] woodcuts; reprinting of 1570 edition (Cartier #535). RAB: Note, Cartier counts 61 cuts for 1570 ed. Typographical error? =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (Brit. Mus. -- Berne. -- Milan.)
1583 Cartier
#634
  Les Fables d'Esope Auec sa vie, mise de Grec en François. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes M.D.LXXXIII.
-16°, 270 pages, including Cartier's mark: "l'Ange." Titlepage frame is arabesques.
  Illus: Cartier: 29 fables with same number of woodcuts. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (Bibl. Arsenal)
1594 Cartier
#694
  Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlæ, elegantissimis iconibus veras animalium species ad viuum adumbrantibus. Gabriæ Græci Tabellæ XLIII. ?at?a??µ??µ???a Homeri, hoc est, ranarum & murium pugna. Ga?e?µ??µa??a, hoc est, Felium & murium pugna. Tragædia Græca. Hæc omnia cum Latina interpretatione. Accesserunt Auieni antiqui auctoris fabulæ. Editio postrema, cæteris omnibus castigatior. [Gr. & Lat.] [Cartier's mark: "Vip. m] [M.D.XCIIII] Apud Ioan. Tornaesivm Typ. Regivm Lvgd.
--16°, 410 pages (including title-page) and 3 final leaves unnumbered used for the Index fabvlarum.
  Illus: Cartier: Page for page reprint of editions of 1570, 1580 and 1582 repeating the same number of woodcuts, being 61. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (Bibl. Mirecourt.)
[1598]   Not in Cartier   [Aesop's Fables, Lyon, de Tournes, 1598]   Illus: In his notes for the 1607 (#728) edition, Cartier cites this edition as a source, with same images, but does not catalogue it.
1605 Not in
Cartier
  Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlæ, elegantissimis iconibus veras animalium species ad viuum adumbrantibus ... Apud Ioan. Tornaesium. M.D.CV. Coloniae Allobrogum.
--16°
  Illus: RAB: page for page and image for image the same as the 1570 edition (Cartier # 535) =>MORE
Repos: Lyon Bibliothèque Rés. 811.295 -- UCLA Sp. Coll. Children's Book Collection, GR A247f 1605
Photos: 1098-08 to 1112-09
(rab-i: UCLA.)
1606 Cartier
#724
  Les Fables et la vie d'Esope, en François et en Allemand. J. de Tournes, 1606.
--16°
  Illus: Cartier does not cite image contents. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (Graesse, I, 35, Weigel's Kunstkat., no 10.004.)
1607 Cartier
#728
  Les Fables & la vie d'Esope, Latines et François. Auec trois amples Indices. [Medaillon with Aesop] Par Iean de Tovrnes. M.DC.VII.
--16°. 8 preliminary leaves unnumbered, 336 numbered pages, 7 final leaves unnumbered and 1 leaf blank.
  Illus: Cartier counts 98 woodcuts, with 4 repetitions among them, making for 98 different subjects. Images reproduce contents of 1598 edition. (See 1598, above.). See below for description of image contents and Cartier's correction of Didot. =>MORE
Repos: Cartier: (Saint-Gall)
1609 Cartier
#750
  Aesopi Fabulæ, 1609   Repos: Cartier: (Library Trivulziana, Milan.) =>MORE
             

 

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II. Notes for an Attribution history:

         
1766   Papillon, p. 204   While Papillon does not attribute any Aesop images to Bernard Salomon, per se, he does associate a Lyon edition of Aesop in Greek and Latin to the style of Jean Cousin, whose authorship he believed to be found in what was probably the Paris Janot Aesop. Papillon believed Jean Cousin to be the stylistic precursor of Salomon. See, further, Didot, below.
1863   Didot, Essai, col. 235   Didot attributes the de Tournes Aesop woodcuts to Jean Cousin. Believing that the de Tournes' 1549 edition is the first by de Tournes, Didot, probably following Papillon's lead, attributes the difference in style to an eight-year development since the 1542 Janot edition. He finds the Paris edition less "savante" and the taste that invented the Janot enframements to come from the precedence of Geofroy Tory and Holbein. Of the 1551 de Tournes Aesop (in Greek and Latin -- Cartier No. 183) Didot states that the woodcuts are the same as those (as noted above) first appearing in the Paris [Janot] edition, which he believes were brought to Lyon. He seems not to have realized that the de Tournes images copy the Paris prototypes. Regarding the 1570 edition (Cartier 535) he notes (col. 236) that of the 61 images in this edition, those added later are quite inferior to those appearing earlier.
1896   Rondot, BS, 1896, p. 73   Rondot says that the execution of the woodcuts are poor and uneven, suggesting that a poor engraver of the blocks executed Salomon's designs. Rondot notes that this work is contemporary with Salomon's Petrarch images, those for the Marguerites de Margaret de Navarre, the Scève images, and the Alciati. Salomon's work on the illustrations for Les Mrguerites de la Marguerite des Princesses of 1547 and the contemporary images illustrating Maurice Scève's Saulsaye represent Salomon working in a very fine mode. In contrast, he says, the Alciati and the Aesop are uneven and incorporate either the contribution of an inadequate designer or represent the work of an "engraver who has poorly reproduced the drawing of the inventor" of the designs.
1922   Johnson, "Books Printed in Lyons," 1922, in Essays, p. 133   Johnson repeats Rondot's attribution, noting that they form part of the series of illustrated books Salomon executed for de Tournes, also noting that despite the fact that de Tourne's publishing program had direct precedence in the books then emerging from Paris and Italy, at that time, Salomon's images are characterized by a "originality and freshness."
1927 Lieure, Graveur, pp. 15, 39   Lieure identifies the 1582 edition of de Tournes' Aesop, calling it the first edition, and does not make any attribution to Bernard Salomon. He says" "Ce sont encore de charmantes petites vignettes, pleins de vie at d'intérêt. On retrouve bien, dans les dernières, le style de l'École lyonnaise, mais le trait est moins affiné, le dessin moin sûr, or moins respecté par le tailleur du bois." (Lieure, 1927, p. 15)
1930   Brun, Livre illustré,
p. 184 (in 1969 ed.)
  Brun identifies the 1547 de Tournes Aesop, rejects the title-page enframement as a work of Salomon, noting that its treatment is too heavy-handed to be by our artist. Recognizes that the Salomon set is inspired by those found in the Janot Paris edition (see below), and notes that de Tournes did not repeat the enframement motifs used by the Parisian publisher. (Brun, 1969 edition consulted.) Brun (p. 78-9) also notes that Lieure projected two styles for Salomon, the first which shows meticulous care in design, and the second typified by a hastier working method. Agreeing with Rondot, Brun rejects this theory, which was probably predicated upon the assumed late of the de Tournes Aesop, noting that the Alciati designs are contemporary with the Aesop and that the differences are quite possibly the result of different standards brought to the cutting of the blocks.
1932   Inventaire du fonds français; graveurs du seizième siècle   Lists 1551 edition (Cartier No. 183), noting that it offers 39 images "of which some are by B. Salomon."
1937   Cartier, De Tournes   Cartier (#71) identifies the 1547 edition of Aesop as de Tournes' first and, with the contemporary edition of Alciati, constitutes the first two books by Salomon in which his personal style is revealed. But he notes (following Rondot) that while some cuts "are executed with great finesse and subtlety ... others display a rather crude cutting." Cartier (No. 40) does attribute the images appearing in the 1545 La Perrière Le theatre des bons engins to Salomon, but notes that his style is still rather crude but exhibits certain of his formulas that mature in the Aesop and the Alciati, both of 1547 -- two years later. In his notes for the 1551 edition (#183) Cartier identifies three of the 40 woodcuts that he believes are not by Bernard Salomon: 1) fable 46, Auceps et Galerita, 2) fable 100, Corvus et Serpens, and 3) fable 100, Camelus. Cartier says that these three figures are not by Salomon and are different from those that are by him. Their drawing is quite summary and sloppy, unachieved and sketch-like. To see the difference Cartier asks the reader to compare the woodcuts for fables 32 and 46, which have analogous motifs. The three woodcuts that Cartier dis-attributes, however, come from the 1545 edition of Guillaume de La Perrière's Le theatre des bons engins. (Note that Mortimer (1964, No. 5) identifies only one of the Aesop images of the 1547 edition as having been used in the 1545 set.

Ruth Mortimer (Harv. Fr. 16th C. Illus. Books, #5) quotes Cartier on the 1547 de Tournes Aesop: "Par l'intérêt de l'ouvrage lui-même, et la correction du texte revu par Antoine du Moulin, comme par l'exécution matérielle et l'extraordinaire beauté d'un tirage donnant aux planches de Bernard Salomon toute la valeur dont elles sont susceptibles, la présente édition est une des perles de la collection tournésienne" (Cartier, #71).

With regard to the 1607 de Tournes Aesop (Cartier 728), Cartier is in deep disagreement with Didot. Not so much a disagreement about attribution, rather, Cartier disagrees with Didot's (Cat. 1882, #422) assessment of the significance and illustrated contents of this edition. Citing Didot, Cartier reports that Didot believed that from the point of view of its illustrations, this 1607 edition is the most important of de Tournes' Aesop productions, containing 33 of the 40 cuts found in the 1551 edition and 12 cuts that appeared for the first time in the 1570 edition. Further Didot (says Cartier) believes that the 1607 edition offers 10 original cuts and 46 images that were copied from the Marnef and Cavellat Paris edition of 1582 -- making for a total of 101 different images, having subtracted the 4 duplicates. See, below, for Cartier's analysis of the contents of the 1607 edition.

1964   Harvard, Fr 16th Illus Books   Ruth Mortimer, in the Catalogue of illustrated French 16th C books at the Houghton (Harvard, 1964, No. 5) indicates that the Salomon set of images are based on the woodcuts Janot published earlier (see Harvard, 1964, No. 4). In this regard some, she notes, are free copies of the Janot series, while others are new compositions illustrating the same subjects found in the Janot edition. An entirely new block was designed for fable no. 29 to correct for a repetition of cuts used in Janot. One block, no. 93 had been used earlier for de Tournes' 1545 edition of Guillaume de La Perrière's Le theatre des bons engins (Harvard, 1964, No. 338), which shows the 1549 edition. Mortimer hypotheses that the Theatre des bons engins illustrations may have been Salomon's first work for de Tournes, and these, too, she says are based on a series of blocks that Janot owned. In this first edition, the Aesop cuts used for fables 51, 84 and 96 are used concurrently in the de Tournes 1547 Alciati set of emblems. The series of images used in de Tournes' Aesop editions would vary. The multi-lingual editions offered fewer images. Later editions contained additional images. The Harvard catalogue of French 16th Books, #7 (1570, Cartier 575) counts 22 subjects of the 61 images that were not in the 1547 or 1551 edition. Seemingly not having the 1556 edition available to compare, it is possible that the one new subject appearing in that edition fell into Mortimer's count of the 1570 edition. Mortimer identifies some of the blocks as having been copied in the 1585 edition by de Marnef (Harvard Fr. 16th C. No. 8).

Of the de Tournes 1547 Aesop, in her entry for the 1542 Janot Aesop, Ruth Mortimer says that it is "an edition of equal importance [as the 1542 Janot] for the study of de Tournes's press and the illustrated book at Lyons." (#4)

         

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III. Development of the de Tournes Aesop cycle:

             
pub   Catalog   Illustration data   Illus Summary
             
1547 Cartier 71 => This French edition is de Tournes' first illustrated edition of Aesop. It has 100 cuts, including one repetition, block 33 is repeated as number 67, making for 99 Aesop images. Of these, one was published prior to 1547 (in the 1545 La Perrière), and three appeared simultaneously in the 1547 Alciati.   99 Aesop images presented
98 (excluding Alciati) are new. =>RETURN
      -- Repetitions:    
       
- Block 33 (N'estre orgueilleux pour prosperité -- Du Lyon & du Cheval, neg 1392-21, 1411-37) is repeated as block 67 (Ne s'estimer heureux selon le monde -- De l'Asne & du Cheval, neg 1398-34, 1417-05)
   
      -- Woodcut used in earlier publications.    
       
  page   fable   title   neg   source   notes
  N4v   93   De l'Oiseleur & de la Perdrix   1403-37, 1422-09   Cartier 40. 1545: La Perrière's Le theatre. Emblem 54    
   
      -- Woodcuts used simultaneously in de Tournes's 1547 Alciati (Cartier 72)    
       
  page   fable   title   neg   source       notes
  H2v   51   De la trompette de guerre   1395-39, 1414-11   Cartier 72, 1547 Alciati. Emblem 55.   same    
  M3v   84   Des deux ennemys   1402-27, 1420-22   Cartier 72, 1547 Alciati. Emblem 11   Arion    
  N7v   96   Du Veneur & du Castor   1404-40, 1422-12   Cartier 72, 1547 Alciati. Emblem 85   Beaver's genitals    
   
1549 Cartier 128 => French edition is a reimpression of the 1547 edition with the same 100 woodcuts.   =>RETURN
1551 Cartier 183 => Greek and Latin edition. Cartier says 40 woodcuts are repeated from the earlier editions. Other sources count 39 or 38 images, possibly correcting for images derived from previous uses. My analysis is as follows: 40 woodcuts presented. Of these, two come from the 1545 La Perrière, and three from the 1547 Alciati. Two (44, 61) are entirely new woodcuts and the four (75, 100, 103, 118) that derive from earlier productions are new to the de Tournes Aesop series, making for six new images for the series among the 40 images presented..   6 new Aesop images added
2 of the 6 are new images
=>RETURN
      -- Woodcuts not previously published.    
       
- Fable 44 (neg 1429-27, Lignator et Mercurius, p. 173) is entirely new. Not in La Perrière, Not in Alciati.
- Fable 61 (neg 1430-34, Testudo et Aquila, p. 193) is entirely new. Not in La Perrière, Not in Alciati.
   
      -- Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop but previously published.    
       
- Fable 75 (neg 1430-35, Aetheops, p.206) comes from the 1547 Alciati (emblem 84).
- Fable 100 (neg 1431-15, Corvus et Serpens, p. 230) comes from 1545 La Perrière. (emblem 56)
- Fable 103 (neg 1431-16, Mercurius, p. 233) comes from the 1547 Alciati (emblem 77).
- Fable 118 (neg 1432-18, Camelus, p. 247) comes from the 1545 La Perrière (emblem 69).
   
      -- Woodcut not new to the de Tournes Aesop series and previously published elsewhere.    
       
  page   fable   title   neg   source   first Aesop
appearance
  Cartier   page   fable
- 176   46   Aucept et Gulerita   1429-28   1545 la Perrière, emblem 54   1547   71   N4v   93
- 271   142   Du Singe & du Renard   1414-11
1432-23
  1547 Alciati, emblem 55   1547   71   H2v   51
   
1551 Cartier 184 => French edition. Cartier notes that these are the same 100 woodcuts found in the 1549 edition (which repeats the 1547 edition). The differences he notes pertain to orthographic details in the text.   no new images =>RETURN
1556 Cartier 320 => Greek and Latin edition. Cartier counts 101 woodcuts, 97 of which are from de Tournes' Aesop set and 7 from the Alciati series. Inspection of the B.N. copy (Rés Yb 1001) reveals a different analysis. There is one image that is entirely new in de Tournes productions (p. 93, fable 22, Leo & Lupus). Three additional images are new to the Aesop series but appeared in previous works (p. 206, fable 11; p. 224, fable 3, p. 232, fable 14). These can be found previously in the 1547 Alciati as emblems 58, 54 and 48 respectively. Three other images have been used previously in the 1547 Alciati, but also appeared in earlier Aesop editions: (p. 64, fable 9; p. 76, fable 27; p. 301, unnumbered fable). These correspond respectively to emblems 55, 85 and 11 in the 1547 Alciati. All other images are unique to the Aesop series but appeared in earlier editions. See below:   1 new previously unpublished woodcut.

3 additional images for the first time brought to the Aesop set. =>RETURN

      -- Woodcut not previously published    
       
- p. 93, fable 22: Leo & Lupus. This woodcut appears in this edition for the first time and was never used in a previous de Tournes work. (neg 1085-29 from 1571 ed Cartier 543)
   
      -- Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop series but previously published (all from 1547 Alciati)    
       
  page   fable   title   neg   source   notes
- 206   11   De duobus Ollis   1050-15   Alciati, 1547, Emblem 58   neg 1050-15 from 1580 Alciati (Cartier 604), 1096-42 from 1571 Aesop (Cartier 543)
- 224   3   De Aquila & Scabrone   1049-35   Alciati, 1547, Emblem 54   neg 1049-35 from 1580 Alciati (Cartier 604), 1078-37 from 1571 Aesop (Cartier 543)
- 232   14   De Vulpe & Lavua   1048-29   Alciati, 1547, Emblem 48   neg 1048-29 from 1580 Alciati (Cartier 604)
   
      -- Woodcuts previously published elsewhere and previously used in a de Tournes Aesop.    
       
  page   fable   title   neg   source   first Aesop edition
  64   9   De Tubicine       Cartier 72: 1547 Alciati, #55   Cartier 71: 1547, #51
  76   27   De Castore       Cartier 72: 1547 Alciati, #85   Cartier 71: 1547, #96
  301   --   De Arione & Delphino       Cartier 72: 1547 Alciati, #11   Cartier 71: 1547, #84
   
1564 Cartier 500 => Cartier says that this edition is a page-for-page reissue of the 1556 Latin edition (Cartier 320). It repeats the same 101 woodcuts.   no new images =>RETURN
1570 Cartier 535 => Cartier counts 61 woodcut images in this Greek and Latin edition, being 21 more than found in the 1551 Greek and Latin edition (Cartier 183) in which Cartier counted 40 images and other bibliographers numbered 38 or 39. The 21 new cuts for the 1570 edition, which most commentators agree are inferior to the original series, are listed below. Cartier notes that the 1605 edition (which, curiously, is not listed), is page-for-page the same as this 1570 edition. The 1570 edition was inspected and indexed using the BN copy, and photographed using a 1605 edition.   21 new images =>RETURN
      -- Woodcuts not previously published.    
       
Aesop, Lyon, de Tournes, 1570 - Cartier 535
New woodcuts for this edition.
  page   fable   title   neg  
- 119   1   Aquila et Vulpes   1078-36  
- 139   16   Malignus   1080-22  
- 143   19   Ranae   1080-23  
- 150   24   Mulier et Gallina   1081-27  
- 154   28   Felis et Muves   1081-30  
- 156   29   Vulpes et Simius   1107-08 ?
- 158   30   Thunnus et Delphin   1081-31  
- 159   31   Medicus et Aegrotans   1083-43  
- 164   35   Canis et Lupus   1082-34  
- 166   36   Canis et Gallus   1082-35  
- 167   37   Leo & Rana   1082-36  
- 170   39   Leo & Ursus   1083-38  
- 174   42   Vespertilio & Rubus & Mergus   1083-41  
- 177   44   Lignator et Mercurius   1083-42  
- 181   46   Auceps et Galerita   1099-14  
- 182   47   Viator   1084-02  
- 185   49   Pastor et Mare   1084-03  
- 202   66   Asinus & Leo   1085-28  
- 217   80   Mulier Venesica   1086-32  
- 257   123   Pastor   1087-36  
- 260   126   Home et Satyrus   1087-39  
   
      -- Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop series but previously published -- none.    
      -- Woodcuts previously published elsewhere and previously used in a de Tournes Aesop.
The following cuts were employed in either de Tournes' La Perrière, Theatre, or de Tournes' Alciati.
   
       
  page   fable   title   source   first
Aesop
appearance
  Cartier   page   fable
  135   11   Vulpes   Alciati 1547, #48   1556   320   232   14
  162   33   Fiber   Alciati 1547, #85   1547   71   --   96
  212   75   Aethiops   Alciati 1547, #84   1551   183   206   75
  236   100   Corvus et Serpens   La Perrière 1545, #56   1551   183   230   100
  253   118   Camelus   La Perrière 1545, #69   1551   183   247   118
  279   142   Tupicen   Alciati 1546, #55   1547   71   --   51
   
1571 Cartier 543 => Cartier counts 110 figures in this Latin edition and notes that it was reissued in 1579 (Cartier 592). My analysis of the contents of this edition reveals that seven woodcuts are new to the Aesop set in this edition, two of which having been borrowed from earlier de Tournes productions, the remaining five being entirely new.   7 additions to Aesop series, 5 newly released woodcuts
      -- Woodcuts not previously published.   =>RETURN
       
  page   fable   title   neg  
  178   123   Piscator & Smaris   1087-37  
  217   177   Lupus & Asinus   1091-37  
  247   209   Vulpus & Ciconia   1094-09  
  470   488   De Avicula & Messe   1097-04  
  575   --   Illus to De Asino   1098-07  
   
      -- Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop series but previously published    
       
  page   fable   title   neg   source
  109   27   Inimici   1081-29   Ovid, Metam., Lyon, de Tournes, 1557, #45
  442   462   Fletus & Risus   1097-03   Alciati, Emblems, Lyon, de Tournes, 1547, #96
   
1579 Cartier 592   Cartier identifies this Latin edition as a page-for-page reprint of the 1571 edition (Cartier 543), repeating the same 110 woodcuts.   no new images =>RETURN
1580 Cartier 603   Cartier did not see this edition. Reference from a catalogue {Labitte, 1885). It is illustrated, but no other information was available.   unknown contents =>RETURN
1582 Cartier 624   Cartier identifies this Greek and Latin edition as a reprint of the 1570 edition (Cartier 535), repeating its 81 woodcuts.   no new images =>RETURN
1583 Cartier 634   Greek and French edition with 129 fables, each illustrated with a woodcut. No specific information on the relation of this set of cuts to the series already published.   129 woodcuts. Additions, if any, unknown =>RETURN
1594 Cartier 694   Greek and Latin edition, said by Cartier to be page-for-page reprintings of the Jean de Tournes editions of 1570, 1580 and 1582, each containing the same 61 woodcut figures as the other editions. And, see 1605 edition, below.   no new images =>RETURN
1605 Not in Cartier   1605 Greek and Latin edition with the same 61 woodcuts as in the 1570 edition and its reprintings.   no new images =>RETURN
1606 Cartier 724   French and German edition. No information given about its contents.   no information =>RETURN
1607 Cartier 728   Latin and French edition. Cartier disagrees with Didot's (Cat. 1882, #422) assessment of the significance and illustrated contents of this edition. Cartier counts 98 woodcuts of which four are repeats, making for 94 different blocks. The repeats are identified as follows: 182=236, 95=210, 137=183 and 291=208. Disagreeing with Didot, Cartier says that this is not such an important edition, repeating the same disposition of images as the 1598 edition. [rab: Cartier does not catalogue a 1598 edition, but discusses it in his analysis of No. 728. This edition, he continues, contains 7 fewer images than the Latin edition of the 1556 type [Aesopi et aliorum fabulae] and 16 fewer than the 1571 type [Fabulae Aesopicae]. Further, he notes that this 1607 edition does not present 33 of the 40 figures from the 1551 edition, but only 25 of them. The 10 images that Didot claims are original (supra) Cartier identifies as having been taken from various de Tournes editions, Aesops in either Greek and Latin or Latin and French. As for the 46 cuts that Didot claims were copied from the Paris Marnef-Cavellat edition of 1582, Cartier claims that Didot has it backwards. It is the Marnef-Cavellat edition that copies the de Tournes, much as this house copied the de Tournes, Alciati, Metamorphoses and others.   image contents not available to this cataloguer =>RETURN
1609 Cartier 750   Latin edition not described by Cartier.   image contents not known =>RETURN
             

 

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IV. Sources for Salomon's designs:

Janot's Aesop, Paris, 1542. 2nd ed. 1544 (Harvard, 1964, No. 4.). See this catalogue for discussion of the history of Aesop cuts in France and Italy. First edition of G.Corrozet's translation into French. Photos: 01996-35 to 02032-37

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V. Copies after Bernard Salomon's woodcuts:

             
             
             
             
1554   Aesop. Lyon. B. Arnoullet, 1554.   Brun, 1969, p. 184:. Contains inverse copies of Bernard Salomon's designs. Brun notes that they are quite poorer than Salomon's. Baudrier X, p. 144 ff: 151 cuts. Freely dependent upon B.Salomon's and mediocre in queality, reversed left-to-right.. Colls: Baudrier. NYPL: Spencer Collection.   Photos: 00850-29 ff. Two cuts reprod in Baudrier.
1561   Aesop.Paris, J. de Marnef, 1561   (Harvard, Fr 16th C. #6). Brun, 1969, p. 184: 170 woodcuts (without repetitions), making 206 cuts with repetitions. He says the best of these are copied from the 1547 de Tournes edition by Bernard Salomon, of which 4 derive from the La Perrière edition of the Théâtre and 40 from the [de Tournes? 1547] Alciati. Brun notes that the woodcut of fol. G.3 is signed with the initial "I" with a moon crescent, which, according to Thieme-Becker, represents an artist named Jean Croissant, and not Jean Cousin.    
1564   Aesop. Paris. J. de Marnef, 1564   Ruth Mortimer identifies close copies of the Salomon Aesop cuts appearing in blocks made for de Marnef's Paris editions beginning in 1561 (See Harvard, 1964, No.6). The Marnef edition, she notes, was illustrated using 117 blocks, repeated to create 205 woodcut images. The 117 blocks derive from 1) the de Tournes 1547 edition (Harvard, #5, Cartier 71, using all 99 images, 2) four images from de Tournes's 1551 edition from which she says two were produced for the 1545 La Perrière, Theatre des bon engins, and 3) , 14 woodcuts from de Tournes's 1547 Alciati. This is the edition that Didot (Jean Cousin, p. 171 -174) identified as a precursor to the de Tournes set and attributed to Cousin. On this see above: Didot, Cartier.    
             
1569   Aesop. Lyon. heirs of J. Junte, 1569   Brun, 1969, p. 184: The images closely copy Salomon's.    
1582   Aesop. Paris, J. de Marnef and widow of G. Cavellat, 1582   Brun 1969, p. 184. Well designed and well cut images 37x50mm, copying Salomon's illustrations. BN Rés. Yb. 1016.    
1586   Aesop. Paris. de Marnef, 1585   Mortimer identifies a 1585 de Marnef edition (Harvard Fr 16th C. Books, No. 8) as having copied the blocks newly appearing in de Tournes' 1570 edition (Cartier 535). Also see (above) discussion of the 1607 Aesop (Cartier 728). Brun: This edition contains the same illustrations as the Latin editions of 1585 and 1586.    
1586   Aesop. Lyon, Symphorien Berand and Étienne Michel.   Woodcuts copy Salomon's designs (source for this information, unknown).    
[n.d.]   Aesop. Lyon, Jean Jullieron.   Didot, Essai, col. 236: Didot repeats Papillon (vol. 1, p. 204), citing this Greek and Latin edition (without giving a date) saying its pictures copy Bernard Salomon's appearing in a de Tournes edition of 1551.    

 

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VI. de Tournes editions viewed for this analysis:

  date   id   short title   indexed   photos   Repository   notes
  1547   71   Les Fables   yes   1386-10 to 1404-01
1405-02 to 1425-25
  Harvard Typ.515.47.123   Fr 16th C Books #5
  1551   183   Fabulae   yes       B.N.    
  1551   183   Fabulae   yes   1426-06 to 1433-26   Harvard Typ.515.51.124    
  1556   320   Fabulae   yes       B.N. Rés Yb 1001    
  1570   535   Fabulae   yes       B.N. Rés Yb 998    
  1571   543   Fabulae   yes       B.N. Yb 3073    
  1571   543   Fabulae   yes   1073-34 to 1098-07   UCLA PA 3855 A2 1571    
  1605   n/a   Fabulae   yes   1098-09 to 1112-09   UCLA Sp Coll GR A 247f 1605    

 

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VII: Editions listed for possible comparison:

Notice to the reader: The following list is composed of items to which reference is made in this Aesop section, and miscellaneous items that have been collected during the process of research. These are listed for potential future reference. They may prove not to be useful.

        references   notes   photos    
    Aesop                
    --manuscripts                
end of 13th C.   Aesop. ms. [Isopet]   Lyon, Académie, M-57            
late 15th C.   "The Medici Aesop" Florence, late 15th C.   NYPL, Spencer Col. ms. 50           ms
                     
    --printed books                
1476   Aesop. Ulm, Johann Zainer, [c. 1476-1477]       Translation by Heinrich Steinhövel. Editions in German and Latin.        
1477   Esopus. Ausgburg, 1477   Lenaghan, 1967, p. 24   Contains woodcuts.        
1480   Aesop. Lyon, Nicolas Philippe and Marc Reinhard, 1480       French translation by an Augustinian Monk in Lyon, Julien Macho. in Dalbanne, Fables Woodcuts trace those appearing in the Augsburg and Ulm editions.        
1483   Caxton's Aesop, Westminister, William Caxton, 1484   Lenaghan, 1967.   Caxton's English translation of Steinhövel's text.Woodcuts are freehand copies of those appearing in the French edition of Julien Macho. 186 different cuts, one repetition brings it to 187 woodcuts. (Lenaghan, 1967, p. 23)        
1486   Les Subtiles Fables d'Esope, Lyon, Mathieu Husz, 1486   Macho, 1486   In series, Claude Dalbanne, Livres a Graveures Imprimés à  Lyon au XVe Siècle. Introd. J. Bastin, n.d.        
1490   Aesop. Paris, Antoine Verard, c. 1490   Pierpont Morgan 502            
                     
1486   Aesop. Les Subtiles Fables D'Esope, Lyon, Mathieu Husz, 1486.   UCLA *Z 241 A 25s            
1494   Aesop. Fables d'Esope. Bologna, H. Nani, 1494.   See T. de Marinis, 1913.            
1501   Esopi appologi sive mythologi...Basel, Jacob [Wolff] de Phortzheim, 1501.   Pierpont Morgan 20577            
1502   Esopus. Lyon, Pierre Mareschal, 1502   Baudrier, XI, p. 507   Derived from Ulm Aesop, c. 1476-77. Illus: McKendry (t-p neg: 964-41) Baudrier: This edition, as well as the undated edition presents a set of 112 woodcuts, one of which (full page) prepresnts Aesop, grossly copied from those reproduced my Muther. They are the work of a gross and archaic designer who produced vignettes of Fier a Bras and derive from the workshops of Matthieu Husz or d'Ortium. Col: Lyon, Academie 134-12725.   0964-41    
1508   Esopo hystoriado, Venice, Manfredus de Bonellis, 1508   Pierpont Morgan 19228            
1540   Aesop. Les Subtiles fables de Esope. Lyon, Gilles et Jacques Huguetan. 1540.   Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183   Brun: 58 figures. The illustrations for the life of Aesop are strange, but treated in a very summary fashion. -- NYPL Card cat: 58 beautiful cuts, 75x110mm.        
1542   Aesop. Les Fables du tres ancien Esope Phrygien, Paris, D. Janot. 1542.   Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183; Harvard Fr 16th Bks, #4   Brun: 100 figs with 2 repetitions. Janot's figures copied accurately in Rouen by Henry Le Mareschal in 1578, and poorly in Rouen by M. and H. Mallard, in 1587.        
1544   Aesop. Les Fables du tres ancien Esope Phrygien, Paris, D. Janot. 1544 (2nd ed.)   Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183, Harv, Fr, 16th C. Bks. #4
Pierpont Morgan 52241
Omont, 1898, p. 284, #67
      1996-34 to 2032-07    
                     
1547   Les Fables et la vie d'OEdipe [sic] Phrygien. Lyon, Fr. and Cl. Marchant, 1547.   Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183   Brun: rare volume, contains woodcuts.        
1547   Fables d'Esope. Lyon, J. de Tournes and G. Gazeau, 1547.   Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 184   This is the first edition of the B.Salomon / de Tournes series. For details and editions, see above.        
                     
1548   Aesop. Les Fables du tres ancien Esope Phrygien. Paris, P. Groulleau, 1548.   Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183
Du Verdier, 1585, p. 461
  Published by D. Janot, same figures as Janot ed. of 1542, no enframements.        
                     
1554   Aesopi Phrigis... Lyon, B. Arnoullet. (Latin), 1554   Baudrier, X, p. 144 ff.   Baudrier: 151 images by an unknown designer. They are "free and mediocre copies of the set designed by Bernard Salomon for Jean de Tournes."   0936-42, 0936-43    
[n.d.]   Aesop. Lyon, Jean Jullieron.   Didot, Essai, col. 236   Didot repeats Papillon (vol. 1, p. 204), citing this Greek and Latin edition (without giving a date) saying its pictures copy Bernard Salomon's appearing in a de Tournes edition of 1551.        
                     
1561 Aesopus. Fabulae, Paris for J. de Marnef, 1561   Harv, Fr, 16th C. Bks, #6
Brun 1969, p. 184
  Set of 170 woodcuts, excluding repetitions, making 206 in all. Copies de Tournes' 1547 Aesop. Harvard Catalogue reports 205 woodcuts by repeating 117 cuts, all 99 cuts from the 1547 de Tournes Aesop, plus others from La Perrière and Alciati.        
1564   Aesopus. Fabulae, Paris. J. de Marnef, 1564.       Harv, Fr, 16th C. Bks see #6. 2nd issuee of 1561 ed.        
1565   Aesop, Rome, Vincentius Luchinus, [1565]   Pierpont Morgan 54626   by Faerno Gabriello.        
1569   Aesopi phrygis fabulae. Lyon, Héritiers de J. Junte, 1569   Brun 1969, p. 184   Close copies of de Tournes's illustration series (i.e. B.Salomon's). B.N. Rés. Yb 13.        
1582   Les Fables et la vie d'Esope Phrygien... nouvellement augmentées..., Paris, J. de Marnef et Vve G. Cavallat, 1582   Brun 1969, p. 184
Lieure 1927, p. 39 (pl. xxxix, 159-70
           
1585   Aesop. Fabulae. Paris for J. de Marnef and D. Girault Cavellat, 1585.   Harv, Fr, 16th C. Bks, #8
Brun 1969, p. 184
  Brun: Same images as 1582 ed. Harvard: 53 woodcuts from 1561 ed. plus 45 new subjects.        
1586