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The Graphic Works of Bernard Salomon
illustrations for
Aesop's Fables -- Les Fables d'Esope
Phrygien -- Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlae
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I.
Editions with images attributed to Bernard Salomon:
| Aesop Editions, Lyon, Jean de Tournes, Containing woodcuts mostly by Bernard Salomon based, in part, on Alfred Cartier, Bibliographie des Éditions des De Tournes, Imprimeurs Lyonnais, Paris 1937 |
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| pub date |
Catalog by | Title-page transcription Fonts and line-breaks have been normalized, orthography is unchanged. |
Notes relating to image
contents, repositories and photography. |
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| 1547 | Cartier #71 |
Les Fables
d'Esope Phrygien, mises en Ryme Francoise. Auec la vie
dudit Esope extraite de plusieurs autheurs par M. Antoine
du Moulin Masconnois. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes, &
Guillaume Gazeau. 1547. --16°, 112 unnumbered leaves. Collation: A (4), B-O (8), P (4) --Translation into French by Gilles Corrozet. Life of Aesop by Antoine du Moulin. |
Illus: Cartier: 100
Woodcuts figures of which one is a repetition., One from
1545 La Perriere (Cartier #40); three in common with the
1547 Alciati (Cartier #72) Size: 46x35 mm (horizontal)
=>MORE Repos: Harvard (Houghton, Typ. 515. 47. 123), Fr. 16th C., No 5. Photos: 1386-10 to 1404-01, 1405-02 to 1425-25 |
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| 1549 | Cartier #128 |
Les Fables
d'Esope Phrygien mises en Ryme Francoise. Auec la vie
dudit Esope extraite de plusieurs autheurs par M. Antoine
du Moulin Masconnois. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes, &
Guillaume Gazeau. 1549. --16°, 223 numbered pages (including title-page), 1 unnumbered page [224] containing Cartier's Mark "Pris." |
Illus: Same 100 woodcuts as 1547 ed. (Cartier #71) Cartier: Reimpression of 1547 edition. =>MORE | |||||
| 1551 | Cartier #183 |
Æsopi
Phrygis Fabvlae Elegantissimis Eiconibus ueris animalium
specis ad uiuum adumbrantes. Gabræ Graæci fabellæ
XXXXIIII. [Cartier: 43] ?at?a??µ??µ???a
[Batrachomyomachia] Homeri, hoc est, ranarum & murium
pugna. Ga?e?µ??µa??a, hoc est, Felium & murium
pugna, Tragdia Græca. Hæc omnia cum Latina
interpretatione. [Cartier's Mark: Vip. a.] Lvgdvni. Apud
Ioan. Tornaesium. M.D.LI. --16°, 375 numbered pages, 1 page unnumbered, 3 leaves unnumbered, 1 blank leaf with Cartier's mark: Pris on the verso. |
Illus: Repeats 40
woodcuts from 1547 edition. Cartier disattributes 3 from
Salomon's oeuvre, but these were borrowed from earlier
Salomon works. Of the seven images in this edition that
did not appear in the 1547 or 1549 editions, only two
make their first appearance in this edition: 1) p. 173,
fable 44 (Lignator et Mercurius [Woodcutter and
Mercury]), 2. p. 193, fable 61 (Testudo et Aguila). =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (B.N. [Yb 3038] -- Grenoble -- Rouen -- Toulouse -- Vadiane, St. Gall -- Milan) Harvard (Houghton), Fr. 16th C. No. 7 (1570 ed.), example in Hofer Coll. Photos: 1425-06 to 1431-15 |
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| 1551 | Cartier #184 |
Les Fables d'Esope
Phrygien, mises en Ryme Françoise. Auec la vie dudio
Esope extraite de plusieurs autheurs par M. Antoine du
Moulin Masconnois. A Lyon, Par Iean de Tournes &
Guillaume Gazeau. 1551. --16°, 223 numbered pages (including the title-page). Verso of last leaf bears Cartier's mark: "Pris." Title enframement: Nude Children. |
Illus: Repeats the 100 woodcuts, page for page as 1549 edition. =>MORE | |||||
| 1556 | Cartier #320 |
Aesopi
Phrigis, et aliorum Fabulæ. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan.
Tornæsium, & Guliel. Gazeium. 1556. --16°, 302 numbered pages, 1 leaf blank on verso. With Cartier's mark "Sen I" on the verso. |
Illus: Cartier counts
101 woodcuts with 94 from the Aesop set and 7 from the de
Tournes set of Alciati. This author, instead, finds one
woodcut appearing for the first time in this edition,
with six belonging to the Alciati set: p. 93, fable 22:
Leo & Lupus. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (B.N. -- Le Mans, B.L. 3054) (rab-i: B.N. Rés. Yb 1001) |
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| 1564 | Cartier #500 |
Æsopi
Phrygis, et aliorum Fabulæ. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan.
Tornæsium. 1564. --16°, 302 numbered pages (including title), 1 final leaf for Cartier's mark: "quod tibi... et virum" located on the verso. Title page uses Cartier's "arabesque No. 1" |
Illus: Cartier: Page
for page reprinting of 1556 edition, containing the same
images. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (Cartier collection.) |
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| 1570 | Cartier #535 |
Æsopi Phrygis Fabvlæ
Elegantissimis eiconibus veras animaliü species ad viuü
adumbrantes. Gabriæ Græci fabellæ XXXXIIII [Cartier:
43] ?at?a??µ??µ???a Homeri, hoc est, ranarum &
murium pugna, ?a?e?µ??µa??a, hoc est, Felium &
murium pugna. Tragædia Græca. Hæc omnia cum Latina
interpretatione. Nunc primùm accesserunt Auieni antiqui
autoris fabulæ, nusquam antehac editæ. [Greek &
Latin]. [Cartier's mark: "Vip. m.] Lvgdvni, Apud
Ioannem Tornaesivm Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXX. --16°, 410 numbered pages (including title-page) and 3 end leaves unnumbered. |
Illus: Cartier: 61
woodcuts, being those of the 1551 (40 cuts), (Cartier
#183) edition, plus 21 woodcuts never previously
published. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (B.N. -- Carpentras. -- Le Mans. -- Lyon. -- Tours. -- Troyes. -- Brit. Mus. -- Vadiane, Saint-Gall. ) Harvard (Houghton), Fr. 16th C., #7. Morgan Library: E-2/51/C Acc # 5088 (rab-i:B.N. Rés Yb 998) Photos: 1433-27 |
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| 1571 | Cartier #543 |
Fabvlæ
Æsopicæ, Plures quingentis, & aliæ quædam
narrationes, cum historia vitæ fortunæq; Aesopi,
compositæ studio & diligentia Ioachimi Camerarii
Pab. [Cartier's "sic"] quibus additæ sunt
& Liuianæ & Gellianæ ac aliorum quædam, cum
interpretatione Græcorum, & explicatione quorundam
aliorum. [Aesop Medallion]. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan.
Tornaesivm, Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXXI. --16°, 637 numbered pages and 9 unnumbered leaves for the Index fabvlarum æsopicarum that begins on p. [638]. The verso of the last leaf is blank. |
Illus: Cartier: 110
figures. RAB: Including 5 woodcuts appearing here for the
first time: p. 178 (fable 123), p. 217 (fable 177), p.
247 (fable 209), p. 470 (fable 488), p. 575. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (B.N. [Yb 3073] -- Lyon. -- Toulouse. -- Brit. Mus.) (rab-i: UCLA, Sp. Coll. PA 3855 A2 1571., B.N. Yb 3073) Photos: 1078-35 to 1098-07 |
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| 1579 | Cartier #592 |
Fabvlæ Æsopicæ, Plures
quingentis, & aliæ quædam narrationes, cum
historica [Cartier: sic] vitæ fortunæq; Aesopi,
compositæ studio & diligentia I.[oachimi]
C.[amerarii] P.[abergensis]. Quibus additæ sunt &
Liuianæ & Gellianæ ac aliorum quædam, cum
interpretatione Græcorum, & explicatione quorundam
aliorum. [Aesop Medallion]. Lvgdvni, Apud Ioan.
Tornaesivm, Typogr. Regivm. M.D.LXXIX. --16°, 637 numbered pages and 1 page and 9 unnumbered leaves for the Index. The verso of the last leaf is blank. |
Illus: Cartier: Page
for page reimpression of the 1571 edition, containing the
same woodcuts, being, in total, 110. Repos: Cartier: (B.N. -- Grenoble. -- Lyon. -- Tours. -- Brit. Mus.) =>MORE Brun: (Bibl. École des B.-A. Masson 949) |
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| 1580 | Cartier #603 |
Æsopi
Phrygis fabulæ elegantissimis iconibus veras animalium
species ad vivum adumbrantes... Haec omnia cum latina
interpretatione. Nunc primum accesserunt Avieni antiqui
autoris fabulæ nusquam antehac editæ. Lugduni. Apud
Ioan. Tornaesium, 1580. --16°, figures. |
Illus: Not seen by Cartier. Reference from a catalogue. Illustrated with figures. RAB: [See Cartier #694, which gives this edition 61 woodcuts.] =>MORE | |||||
| 1582 | Cartier #624 |
Æsopi
Phrygis Fabvlæ elegantisimis eiconibus veras animalium
species ad viuum adumbrantes. Gabriæ Græci fabellæ
XXXXIIII, etc. [Cartier's Mark "Vip. o."]
Lvgdvni, Apud Ioannem Tornaesivm Typogr. Regivm.
M.D.LXXXII. --16°, 410 pages and 3 leaves unnumbered. |
Illus: Cartier: 81
[sic] woodcuts; reprinting of 1570 edition (Cartier
#535). RAB: Note, Cartier counts 61 cuts for 1570 ed.
Typographical error? =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (Brit. Mus. -- Berne. -- Milan.) |
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| 1583 | Cartier #634 |
Les Fables
d'Esope Auec sa vie, mise de Grec en François. A Lyon,
Par Iean de Tournes M.D.LXXXIII. -16°, 270 pages, including Cartier's mark: "l'Ange." Titlepage frame is arabesques. |
Illus: Cartier: 29
fables with same number of woodcuts. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (Bibl. Arsenal) |
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| 1594 | Cartier #694 |
Æsopi
Phrygis Fabvlæ, elegantissimis iconibus veras animalium
species ad viuum adumbrantibus. Gabriæ Græci Tabellæ
XLIII. ?at?a??µ??µ???a Homeri, hoc est, ranarum &
murium pugna. Ga?e?µ??µa??a, hoc est, Felium &
murium pugna. Tragædia Græca. Hæc omnia cum Latina
interpretatione. Accesserunt Auieni antiqui auctoris
fabulæ. Editio postrema, cæteris omnibus castigatior.
[Gr. & Lat.] [Cartier's mark: "Vip. m]
[M.D.XCIIII] Apud Ioan. Tornaesivm Typ. Regivm Lvgd. --16°, 410 pages (including title-page) and 3 final leaves unnumbered used for the Index fabvlarum. |
Illus: Cartier: Page
for page reprint of editions of 1570, 1580 and 1582
repeating the same number of woodcuts, being 61. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (Bibl. Mirecourt.) |
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| [1598] | Not in Cartier | [Aesop's Fables, Lyon, de Tournes, 1598] | Illus: In his notes for the 1607 (#728) edition, Cartier cites this edition as a source, with same images, but does not catalogue it. | |||||
| 1605 | Not in Cartier |
Æsopi
Phrygis Fabvlæ, elegantissimis iconibus veras animalium
species ad viuum adumbrantibus ... Apud Ioan. Tornaesium.
M.D.CV. Coloniae Allobrogum. --16° |
Illus: RAB: page for
page and image for image the same as the 1570 edition
(Cartier # 535) =>MORE Repos: Lyon Bibliothèque Rés. 811.295 -- UCLA Sp. Coll. Children's Book Collection, GR A247f 1605 Photos: 1098-08 to 1112-09 (rab-i: UCLA.) |
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| 1606 | Cartier #724 |
Les Fables et
la vie d'Esope, en François et en Allemand. J. de
Tournes, 1606. --16° |
Illus: Cartier does not
cite image contents. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (Graesse, I, 35, Weigel's Kunstkat., no 10.004.) |
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| 1607 | Cartier #728 |
Les Fables
& la vie d'Esope, Latines et François. Auec trois
amples Indices. [Medaillon with Aesop] Par Iean de
Tovrnes. M.DC.VII. --16°. 8 preliminary leaves unnumbered, 336 numbered pages, 7 final leaves unnumbered and 1 leaf blank. |
Illus: Cartier counts
98 woodcuts, with 4 repetitions among them, making for 98
different subjects. Images reproduce contents of 1598
edition. (See 1598, above.). See below for description of
image contents and Cartier's correction of Didot. =>MORE Repos: Cartier: (Saint-Gall) |
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| 1609 | Cartier #750 |
Aesopi Fabulæ, 1609 | Repos: Cartier: (Library Trivulziana, Milan.) =>MORE | |||||
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II. Notes
for an Attribution history:
| 1766 | Papillon, p. 204 | While Papillon does not attribute any Aesop images to Bernard Salomon, per se, he does associate a Lyon edition of Aesop in Greek and Latin to the style of Jean Cousin, whose authorship he believed to be found in what was probably the Paris Janot Aesop. Papillon believed Jean Cousin to be the stylistic precursor of Salomon. See, further, Didot, below. | ||
| 1863 | Didot, Essai, col. 235 | Didot attributes the de Tournes Aesop woodcuts to Jean Cousin. Believing that the de Tournes' 1549 edition is the first by de Tournes, Didot, probably following Papillon's lead, attributes the difference in style to an eight-year development since the 1542 Janot edition. He finds the Paris edition less "savante" and the taste that invented the Janot enframements to come from the precedence of Geofroy Tory and Holbein. Of the 1551 de Tournes Aesop (in Greek and Latin -- Cartier No. 183) Didot states that the woodcuts are the same as those (as noted above) first appearing in the Paris [Janot] edition, which he believes were brought to Lyon. He seems not to have realized that the de Tournes images copy the Paris prototypes. Regarding the 1570 edition (Cartier 535) he notes (col. 236) that of the 61 images in this edition, those added later are quite inferior to those appearing earlier. | ||
| 1896 | Rondot, BS, 1896, p. 73 | Rondot says that the execution of the woodcuts are poor and uneven, suggesting that a poor engraver of the blocks executed Salomon's designs. Rondot notes that this work is contemporary with Salomon's Petrarch images, those for the Marguerites de Margaret de Navarre, the Scève images, and the Alciati. Salomon's work on the illustrations for Les Mrguerites de la Marguerite des Princesses of 1547 and the contemporary images illustrating Maurice Scève's Saulsaye represent Salomon working in a very fine mode. In contrast, he says, the Alciati and the Aesop are uneven and incorporate either the contribution of an inadequate designer or represent the work of an "engraver who has poorly reproduced the drawing of the inventor" of the designs. | ||
| 1922 | Johnson, "Books Printed in Lyons," 1922, in Essays, p. 133 | Johnson repeats Rondot's attribution, noting that they form part of the series of illustrated books Salomon executed for de Tournes, also noting that despite the fact that de Tourne's publishing program had direct precedence in the books then emerging from Paris and Italy, at that time, Salomon's images are characterized by a "originality and freshness." | ||
| 1927 | Lieure, Graveur, pp. 15, 39 | Lieure identifies the 1582 edition of de Tournes' Aesop, calling it the first edition, and does not make any attribution to Bernard Salomon. He says" "Ce sont encore de charmantes petites vignettes, pleins de vie at d'intérêt. On retrouve bien, dans les dernières, le style de l'École lyonnaise, mais le trait est moins affiné, le dessin moin sûr, or moins respecté par le tailleur du bois." (Lieure, 1927, p. 15) | ||
| 1930 | Brun, Livre illustré,
p. 184 (in 1969 ed.) |
Brun identifies the 1547 de Tournes Aesop, rejects the title-page enframement as a work of Salomon, noting that its treatment is too heavy-handed to be by our artist. Recognizes that the Salomon set is inspired by those found in the Janot Paris edition (see below), and notes that de Tournes did not repeat the enframement motifs used by the Parisian publisher. (Brun, 1969 edition consulted.) Brun (p. 78-9) also notes that Lieure projected two styles for Salomon, the first which shows meticulous care in design, and the second typified by a hastier working method. Agreeing with Rondot, Brun rejects this theory, which was probably predicated upon the assumed late of the de Tournes Aesop, noting that the Alciati designs are contemporary with the Aesop and that the differences are quite possibly the result of different standards brought to the cutting of the blocks. | ||
| 1932 | Inventaire du fonds français; graveurs du seizième siècle | Lists 1551 edition (Cartier No. 183), noting that it offers 39 images "of which some are by B. Salomon." | ||
| 1937 | Cartier, De Tournes | Cartier (#71) identifies the 1547
edition of Aesop as de Tournes' first and, with the
contemporary edition of Alciati, constitutes the first
two books by Salomon in which his personal style is
revealed. But he notes (following Rondot) that while some
cuts "are executed with great finesse and subtlety
... others display a rather crude cutting." Cartier
(No. 40) does attribute the images appearing in the 1545
La Perrière Le theatre des bons engins to
Salomon, but notes that his style is still rather crude
but exhibits certain of his formulas that mature in the
Aesop and the Alciati, both of 1547 -- two years later.
In his notes for the 1551 edition (#183) Cartier
identifies three of the 40 woodcuts that he believes are
not by Bernard Salomon: 1) fable 46, Auceps et Galerita,
2) fable 100, Corvus et Serpens, and 3) fable 100,
Camelus. Cartier says that these three figures are not by
Salomon and are different from those that are by him.
Their drawing is quite summary and sloppy, unachieved and
sketch-like. To see the difference Cartier asks the
reader to compare the woodcuts for fables 32 and 46,
which have analogous motifs. The three woodcuts that
Cartier dis-attributes, however, come from the 1545
edition of Guillaume de La Perrière's Le theatre des
bons engins. (Note that Mortimer (1964, No. 5)
identifies only one of the Aesop images of the 1547
edition as having been used in the 1545 set. Ruth Mortimer (Harv. Fr. 16th C. Illus. Books, #5) quotes Cartier on the 1547 de Tournes Aesop: "Par l'intérêt de l'ouvrage lui-même, et la correction du texte revu par Antoine du Moulin, comme par l'exécution matérielle et l'extraordinaire beauté d'un tirage donnant aux planches de Bernard Salomon toute la valeur dont elles sont susceptibles, la présente édition est une des perles de la collection tournésienne" (Cartier, #71). With regard to the 1607 de Tournes Aesop (Cartier 728), Cartier is in deep disagreement with Didot. Not so much a disagreement about attribution, rather, Cartier disagrees with Didot's (Cat. 1882, #422) assessment of the significance and illustrated contents of this edition. Citing Didot, Cartier reports that Didot believed that from the point of view of its illustrations, this 1607 edition is the most important of de Tournes' Aesop productions, containing 33 of the 40 cuts found in the 1551 edition and 12 cuts that appeared for the first time in the 1570 edition. Further Didot (says Cartier) believes that the 1607 edition offers 10 original cuts and 46 images that were copied from the Marnef and Cavellat Paris edition of 1582 -- making for a total of 101 different images, having subtracted the 4 duplicates. See, below, for Cartier's analysis of the contents of the 1607 edition. |
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| 1964 | Harvard, Fr 16th Illus Books | Ruth Mortimer, in the Catalogue of
illustrated French 16th C books at the Houghton (Harvard,
1964, No. 5) indicates that the Salomon set of images
are based on the woodcuts Janot published earlier (see
Harvard, 1964, No. 4). In this regard some, she notes,
are free copies of the Janot series, while others are new
compositions illustrating the same subjects found in the
Janot edition. An entirely new block was designed for
fable no. 29 to correct for a repetition of cuts used in
Janot. One block, no. 93 had been used earlier for de
Tournes' 1545 edition of Guillaume de La Perrière's Le
theatre des bons engins (Harvard, 1964, No. 338),
which shows the 1549 edition. Mortimer hypotheses that
the Theatre des bons engins illustrations may
have been Salomon's first work for de Tournes, and these,
too, she says are based on a series of blocks that Janot
owned. In this first edition, the Aesop cuts used for
fables 51, 84 and 96 are used concurrently in the de
Tournes 1547 Alciati set of emblems. The series of images
used in de Tournes' Aesop editions would vary. The
multi-lingual editions offered fewer images. Later
editions contained additional images. The Harvard
catalogue of French 16th Books, #7 (1570, Cartier 575)
counts 22 subjects of the 61 images that were not in the
1547 or 1551 edition. Seemingly not having the 1556
edition available to compare, it is possible that the one
new subject appearing in that edition fell into
Mortimer's count of the 1570 edition. Mortimer identifies
some of the blocks as having been copied in the 1585
edition by de Marnef (Harvard Fr. 16th C. No. 8). Of the de Tournes 1547 Aesop, in her entry for the 1542 Janot Aesop, Ruth Mortimer says that it is "an edition of equal importance [as the 1542 Janot] for the study of de Tournes's press and the illustrated book at Lyons." (#4) |
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III.
Development of the de Tournes Aesop cycle:
| pub | Catalog | Illustration data | Illus Summary | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1547 | Cartier 71 | => | This French edition is de Tournes' first illustrated edition of Aesop. It has 100 cuts, including one repetition, block 33 is repeated as number 67, making for 99 Aesop images. Of these, one was published prior to 1547 (in the 1545 La Perrière), and three appeared simultaneously in the 1547 Alciati. | 99 Aesop images presented 98 (excluding Alciati) are new. =>RETURN |
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| -- | Repetitions: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcut used in earlier publications. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcuts used simultaneously in de Tournes's 1547 Alciati (Cartier 72) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1549 | Cartier 128 | => | French edition is a reimpression of the 1547 edition with the same 100 woodcuts. | =>RETURN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1551 | Cartier 183 | => | Greek and Latin edition. Cartier says 40 woodcuts are repeated from the earlier editions. Other sources count 39 or 38 images, possibly correcting for images derived from previous uses. My analysis is as follows: 40 woodcuts presented. Of these, two come from the 1545 La Perrière, and three from the 1547 Alciati. Two (44, 61) are entirely new woodcuts and the four (75, 100, 103, 118) that derive from earlier productions are new to the de Tournes Aesop series, making for six new images for the series among the 40 images presented.. | 6 new Aesop images added 2 of the 6 are new images =>RETURN |
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| -- | Woodcuts not previously published. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop but previously published. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcut not new to the de Tournes Aesop series and previously published elsewhere. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1551 | Cartier 184 | => | French edition. Cartier notes that these are the same 100 woodcuts found in the 1549 edition (which repeats the 1547 edition). The differences he notes pertain to orthographic details in the text. | no new images =>RETURN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1556 | Cartier 320 | => | Greek and Latin edition. Cartier counts 101 woodcuts, 97 of which are from de Tournes' Aesop set and 7 from the Alciati series. Inspection of the B.N. copy (Rés Yb 1001) reveals a different analysis. There is one image that is entirely new in de Tournes productions (p. 93, fable 22, Leo & Lupus). Three additional images are new to the Aesop series but appeared in previous works (p. 206, fable 11; p. 224, fable 3, p. 232, fable 14). These can be found previously in the 1547 Alciati as emblems 58, 54 and 48 respectively. Three other images have been used previously in the 1547 Alciati, but also appeared in earlier Aesop editions: (p. 64, fable 9; p. 76, fable 27; p. 301, unnumbered fable). These correspond respectively to emblems 55, 85 and 11 in the 1547 Alciati. All other images are unique to the Aesop series but appeared in earlier editions. See below: | 1 new previously unpublished woodcut. 3 additional images for the first time brought to the Aesop set. =>RETURN |
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| -- | Woodcut not previously published | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop series but previously published (all from 1547 Alciati) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcuts previously published elsewhere and previously used in a de Tournes Aesop. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1564 | Cartier 500 | => | Cartier says that this edition is a page-for-page reissue of the 1556 Latin edition (Cartier 320). It repeats the same 101 woodcuts. | no new images =>RETURN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1570 | Cartier 535 | => | Cartier counts 61 woodcut images in this Greek and Latin edition, being 21 more than found in the 1551 Greek and Latin edition (Cartier 183) in which Cartier counted 40 images and other bibliographers numbered 38 or 39. The 21 new cuts for the 1570 edition, which most commentators agree are inferior to the original series, are listed below. Cartier notes that the 1605 edition (which, curiously, is not listed), is page-for-page the same as this 1570 edition. The 1570 edition was inspected and indexed using the BN copy, and photographed using a 1605 edition. | 21 new images =>RETURN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -- | Woodcuts not previously published. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop series but previously published -- none. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -- | Woodcuts previously published elsewhere
and previously used in a de Tournes Aesop. The following cuts were employed in either de Tournes' La Perrière, Theatre, or de Tournes' Alciati. |
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| 1571 | Cartier 543 | => | Cartier counts 110 figures in this Latin edition and notes that it was reissued in 1579 (Cartier 592). My analysis of the contents of this edition reveals that seven woodcuts are new to the Aesop set in this edition, two of which having been borrowed from earlier de Tournes productions, the remaining five being entirely new. | 7 additions to Aesop series, 5 newly released woodcuts | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| -- | Woodcuts not previously published. | =>RETURN | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| -- | Woodcuts new to the de Tournes Aesop series but previously published | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| 1579 | Cartier 592 | Cartier identifies this Latin edition as a page-for-page reprint of the 1571 edition (Cartier 543), repeating the same 110 woodcuts. | no new images =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1580 | Cartier 603 | Cartier did not see this edition. Reference from a catalogue {Labitte, 1885). It is illustrated, but no other information was available. | unknown contents =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1582 | Cartier 624 | Cartier identifies this Greek and Latin edition as a reprint of the 1570 edition (Cartier 535), repeating its 81 woodcuts. | no new images =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1583 | Cartier 634 | Greek and French edition with 129 fables, each illustrated with a woodcut. No specific information on the relation of this set of cuts to the series already published. | 129 woodcuts. Additions, if any, unknown =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1594 | Cartier 694 | Greek and Latin edition, said by Cartier to be page-for-page reprintings of the Jean de Tournes editions of 1570, 1580 and 1582, each containing the same 61 woodcut figures as the other editions. And, see 1605 edition, below. | no new images =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1605 | Not in Cartier | 1605 Greek and Latin edition with the same 61 woodcuts as in the 1570 edition and its reprintings. | no new images =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1606 | Cartier 724 | French and German edition. No information given about its contents. | no information =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1607 | Cartier 728 | Latin and French edition. Cartier disagrees with Didot's (Cat. 1882, #422) assessment of the significance and illustrated contents of this edition. Cartier counts 98 woodcuts of which four are repeats, making for 94 different blocks. The repeats are identified as follows: 182=236, 95=210, 137=183 and 291=208. Disagreeing with Didot, Cartier says that this is not such an important edition, repeating the same disposition of images as the 1598 edition. [rab: Cartier does not catalogue a 1598 edition, but discusses it in his analysis of No. 728. This edition, he continues, contains 7 fewer images than the Latin edition of the 1556 type [Aesopi et aliorum fabulae] and 16 fewer than the 1571 type [Fabulae Aesopicae]. Further, he notes that this 1607 edition does not present 33 of the 40 figures from the 1551 edition, but only 25 of them. The 10 images that Didot claims are original (supra) Cartier identifies as having been taken from various de Tournes editions, Aesops in either Greek and Latin or Latin and French. As for the 46 cuts that Didot claims were copied from the Paris Marnef-Cavellat edition of 1582, Cartier claims that Didot has it backwards. It is the Marnef-Cavellat edition that copies the de Tournes, much as this house copied the de Tournes, Alciati, Metamorphoses and others. | image contents not available to this cataloguer =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1609 | Cartier 750 | Latin edition not described by Cartier. | image contents not known =>RETURN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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IV.
Sources for Salomon's designs:
Janot's Aesop, Paris, 1542. 2nd ed. 1544 (Harvard, 1964, No. 4.). See this catalogue for discussion of the history of Aesop cuts in France and Italy. First edition of G.Corrozet's translation into French. Photos: 01996-35 to 02032-37
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V. Copies
after Bernard Salomon's woodcuts:
| 1554 | Aesop. Lyon. B. Arnoullet, 1554. | Brun, 1969, p. 184:. Contains inverse copies of Bernard Salomon's designs. Brun notes that they are quite poorer than Salomon's. Baudrier X, p. 144 ff: 151 cuts. Freely dependent upon B.Salomon's and mediocre in queality, reversed left-to-right.. Colls: Baudrier. NYPL: Spencer Collection. | Photos: 00850-29 ff. Two cuts reprod in Baudrier. | |||
| 1561 | Aesop.Paris, J. de Marnef, 1561 | (Harvard, Fr 16th C. #6). Brun, 1969, p. 184: 170 woodcuts (without repetitions), making 206 cuts with repetitions. He says the best of these are copied from the 1547 de Tournes edition by Bernard Salomon, of which 4 derive from the La Perrière edition of the Théâtre and 40 from the [de Tournes? 1547] Alciati. Brun notes that the woodcut of fol. G.3 is signed with the initial "I" with a moon crescent, which, according to Thieme-Becker, represents an artist named Jean Croissant, and not Jean Cousin. | ||||
| 1564 | Aesop. Paris. J. de Marnef, 1564 | Ruth Mortimer identifies close copies of the Salomon Aesop cuts appearing in blocks made for de Marnef's Paris editions beginning in 1561 (See Harvard, 1964, No.6). The Marnef edition, she notes, was illustrated using 117 blocks, repeated to create 205 woodcut images. The 117 blocks derive from 1) the de Tournes 1547 edition (Harvard, #5, Cartier 71, using all 99 images, 2) four images from de Tournes's 1551 edition from which she says two were produced for the 1545 La Perrière, Theatre des bon engins, and 3) , 14 woodcuts from de Tournes's 1547 Alciati. This is the edition that Didot (Jean Cousin, p. 171 -174) identified as a precursor to the de Tournes set and attributed to Cousin. On this see above: Didot, Cartier. | ||||
| 1569 | Aesop. Lyon. heirs of J. Junte, 1569 | Brun, 1969, p. 184: The images closely copy Salomon's. | ||||
| 1582 | Aesop. Paris, J. de Marnef and widow of G. Cavellat, 1582 | Brun 1969, p. 184. Well designed and well cut images 37x50mm, copying Salomon's illustrations. BN Rés. Yb. 1016. | ||||
| 1586 | Aesop. Paris. de Marnef, 1585 | Mortimer identifies a 1585 de Marnef edition (Harvard Fr 16th C. Books, No. 8) as having copied the blocks newly appearing in de Tournes' 1570 edition (Cartier 535). Also see (above) discussion of the 1607 Aesop (Cartier 728). Brun: This edition contains the same illustrations as the Latin editions of 1585 and 1586. | ||||
| 1586 | Aesop. Lyon, Symphorien Berand and Étienne Michel. | Woodcuts copy Salomon's designs (source for this information, unknown). | ||||
| [n.d.] | Aesop. Lyon, Jean Jullieron. | Didot, Essai, col. 236: Didot repeats Papillon (vol. 1, p. 204), citing this Greek and Latin edition (without giving a date) saying its pictures copy Bernard Salomon's appearing in a de Tournes edition of 1551. |
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VI. de
Tournes editions viewed for this analysis:
| date | id | short title | indexed | photos | Repository | notes | |||||||
| 1547 | 71 | Les Fables | yes | 1386-10 to
1404-01 1405-02 to 1425-25 |
Harvard Typ.515.47.123 | Fr 16th C Books #5 | |||||||
| 1551 | 183 | Fabulae | yes | B.N. | |||||||||
| 1551 | 183 | Fabulae | yes | 1426-06 to 1433-26 | Harvard Typ.515.51.124 | ||||||||
| 1556 | 320 | Fabulae | yes | B.N. Rés Yb 1001 | |||||||||
| 1570 | 535 | Fabulae | yes | B.N. Rés Yb 998 | |||||||||
| 1571 | 543 | Fabulae | yes | B.N. Yb 3073 | |||||||||
| 1571 | 543 | Fabulae | yes | 1073-34 to 1098-07 | UCLA PA 3855 A2 1571 | ||||||||
| 1605 | n/a | Fabulae | yes | 1098-09 to 1112-09 | UCLA Sp Coll GR A 247f 1605 |
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VII:
Editions listed for possible comparison:
Notice to the reader: The following list is composed of items to which reference is made in this Aesop section, and miscellaneous items that have been collected during the process of research. These are listed for potential future reference. They may prove not to be useful.
| references | notes | photos | ||||||||
| Aesop | ||||||||||
| --manuscripts | ||||||||||
| end of 13th C. | Aesop. ms. [Isopet] | Lyon, Académie, M-57 | ||||||||
| late 15th C. | "The Medici Aesop" Florence, late 15th C. | NYPL, Spencer Col. ms. 50 | ms | |||||||
| --printed books | ||||||||||
| 1476 | Aesop. Ulm, Johann Zainer, [c. 1476-1477] | Translation by Heinrich Steinhövel. Editions in German and Latin. | ||||||||
| 1477 | Esopus. Ausgburg, 1477 | Lenaghan, 1967, p. 24 | Contains woodcuts. | |||||||
| 1480 | Aesop. Lyon, Nicolas Philippe and Marc Reinhard, 1480 | French translation by an Augustinian Monk in Lyon, Julien Macho. in Dalbanne, Fables Woodcuts trace those appearing in the Augsburg and Ulm editions. | ||||||||
| 1483 | Caxton's Aesop, Westminister, William Caxton, 1484 | Lenaghan, 1967. | Caxton's English translation of Steinhövel's text.Woodcuts are freehand copies of those appearing in the French edition of Julien Macho. 186 different cuts, one repetition brings it to 187 woodcuts. (Lenaghan, 1967, p. 23) | |||||||
| 1486 | Les Subtiles Fables d'Esope, Lyon, Mathieu Husz, 1486 | Macho, 1486 | In series, Claude Dalbanne, Livres a Graveures Imprimés à Lyon au XVe Siècle. Introd. J. Bastin, n.d. | |||||||
| 1490 | Aesop. Paris, Antoine Verard, c. 1490 | Pierpont Morgan 502 | ||||||||
| 1486 | Aesop. Les Subtiles Fables D'Esope, Lyon, Mathieu Husz, 1486. | UCLA *Z 241 A 25s | ||||||||
| 1494 | Aesop. Fables d'Esope. Bologna, H. Nani, 1494. | See T. de Marinis, 1913. | ||||||||
| 1501 | Esopi appologi sive mythologi...Basel, Jacob [Wolff] de Phortzheim, 1501. | Pierpont Morgan 20577 | ||||||||
| 1502 | Esopus. Lyon, Pierre Mareschal, 1502 | Baudrier, XI, p. 507 | Derived from Ulm Aesop, c. 1476-77. Illus: McKendry (t-p neg: 964-41) Baudrier: This edition, as well as the undated edition presents a set of 112 woodcuts, one of which (full page) prepresnts Aesop, grossly copied from those reproduced my Muther. They are the work of a gross and archaic designer who produced vignettes of Fier a Bras and derive from the workshops of Matthieu Husz or d'Ortium. Col: Lyon, Academie 134-12725. | 0964-41 | ||||||
| 1508 | Esopo hystoriado, Venice, Manfredus de Bonellis, 1508 | Pierpont Morgan 19228 | ||||||||
| 1540 | Aesop. Les Subtiles fables de Esope. Lyon, Gilles et Jacques Huguetan. 1540. | Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183 | Brun: 58 figures. The illustrations for the life of Aesop are strange, but treated in a very summary fashion. -- NYPL Card cat: 58 beautiful cuts, 75x110mm. | |||||||
| 1542 | Aesop. Les Fables du tres ancien Esope Phrygien, Paris, D. Janot. 1542. | Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183; Harvard Fr 16th Bks, #4 | Brun: 100 figs with 2 repetitions. Janot's figures copied accurately in Rouen by Henry Le Mareschal in 1578, and poorly in Rouen by M. and H. Mallard, in 1587. | |||||||
| 1544 | Aesop. Les Fables du tres ancien Esope Phrygien, Paris, D. Janot. 1544 (2nd ed.) | Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183, Harv, Fr, 16th
C. Bks. #4 Pierpont Morgan 52241 Omont, 1898, p. 284, #67 |
1996-34 to 2032-07 | |||||||
| 1547 | Les Fables et la vie d'OEdipe [sic] Phrygien. Lyon, Fr. and Cl. Marchant, 1547. | Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183 | Brun: rare volume, contains woodcuts. | |||||||
| 1547 | Fables d'Esope. Lyon, J. de Tournes and G. Gazeau, 1547. | Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 184 | This is the first edition of the B.Salomon / de Tournes series. For details and editions, see above. | |||||||
| 1548 | Aesop. Les Fables du tres ancien Esope Phrygien. Paris, P. Groulleau, 1548. | Brun. Livre illustré, 1969, p. 183 Du Verdier, 1585, p. 461 |
Published by D. Janot, same figures as Janot ed. of 1542, no enframements. | |||||||
| 1554 | Aesopi Phrigis... Lyon, B. Arnoullet. (Latin), 1554 | Baudrier, X, p. 144 ff. | Baudrier: 151 images by an unknown designer. They are "free and mediocre copies of the set designed by Bernard Salomon for Jean de Tournes." | 0936-42, 0936-43 | ||||||
| [n.d.] | Aesop. Lyon, Jean Jullieron. | Didot, Essai, col. 236 | Didot repeats Papillon (vol. 1, p. 204), citing this Greek and Latin edition (without giving a date) saying its pictures copy Bernard Salomon's appearing in a de Tournes edition of 1551. | |||||||
| 1561 | Aesopus. Fabulae, Paris for J. de Marnef, 1561 | Harv,
Fr, 16th C. Bks, #6 Brun 1969, p. 184 |
Set of 170 woodcuts, excluding repetitions, making 206 in all. Copies de Tournes' 1547 Aesop. Harvard Catalogue reports 205 woodcuts by repeating 117 cuts, all 99 cuts from the 1547 de Tournes Aesop, plus others from La Perrière and Alciati. | |||||||
| 1564 | Aesopus. Fabulae, Paris. J. de Marnef, 1564. | Harv, Fr, 16th C. Bks see #6. 2nd issuee of 1561 ed. | ||||||||
| 1565 | Aesop, Rome, Vincentius Luchinus, [1565] | Pierpont Morgan 54626 | by Faerno Gabriello. | |||||||
| 1569 | Aesopi phrygis fabulae. Lyon, Héritiers de J. Junte, 1569 | Brun 1969, p. 184 | Close copies of de Tournes's illustration series (i.e. B.Salomon's). B.N. Rés. Yb 13. | |||||||
| 1582 | Les Fables et la vie d'Esope Phrygien... nouvellement augmentées..., Paris, J. de Marnef et Vve G. Cavallat, 1582 | Brun 1969,
p. 184 Lieure 1927, p. 39 (pl. xxxix, 159-70 |
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| 1585 | Aesop. Fabulae. Paris for J. de Marnef and D. Girault Cavellat, 1585. | Harv,
Fr, 16th C. Bks, #8 Brun 1969, p. 184 |
Brun: Same images as 1582 ed. Harvard: 53 woodcuts from 1561 ed. plus 45 new subjects. | |||||||
| 1586 |