D R A F T

notice: all requirements and conditions listed in the foregoing document replace those in previous documents.


To the commercial and scholarly user:

At the time of this writing (3/04) these page initiate an image resource ("stock photography") intended to serve the needs of authors and publishers for use in books, magazines and serials, for advertising, and for commercial web pages. A list of fees appropriate to commercial use will be published soon.

At the same time, some images will be appropriate for scholars and teachers -- in particular those who specialize in the history of art and architecture. Scholars and teachers should find that among commercial offerings works that suit their educational needs -- in particular, among the architectural offerings.

Prints may be purchased by individuals and corporations for decorative and display use. These will generally be supplied with rights of display only -- without reproduction or publication rights. For prices and sizes available, see below or write to pix@studiolo.net Decorators may wish first to consult the "Gallery" section of the database.

The Presentation:

Pixel dimension and Formats: Images presented on these pages take two forms: 1) Thumbnails, where the maximum size is typically limited to a 200 pixel box, and 2) Reductions of the original images, where resolution generally is limited to a maximum dimension of 480 pixels in the largest dimension but may be as large as 640 pixels (VGA), or sometimes higher. To view the "reductions," simply click on the thumbnails. The "reductions" are presented with considerable compression and are marked with the owner's copyright and contact e-mail address. Compressed, in this manner, they are not suitable for publication, but have other uses. See below.

The "reductions" open in a new window. Clicking on several thumbnails will add each reduction to this new window. Closing the window closes all the "reductions" in it.

Each image is identified by its unique file-name, which, when needed, may be most easily taken from your browser when displaying the "reduction." Filenames are required for placing orders. Currently ordering is not automated. Accumulate images by pasting filenames into a word-processing document.

In addition, the thumbnail page caption includes the pixel dimension of the original image before reduction. The pixel dimension will serve as a guide to the maximum size to which an image may be printed without encountering overt pixelization. Please refer to the useful Digital Camera Resolution Chart that B&H Photo Store offers its potential clients to help them determine adequate resolution for their printing needs.

Origin: While many works shown in these pages are digital in origin, others have been scanned from original 35mm negatives. The scanner in use has a maximum resolution of 4,000ppi, which means that a 35mm negative measuring 24x36mm (uncropped) will scan at a maximum of about 5800 pixels for the 36mm dimension. Not all digital files used in this selection were scanned at 4,000ppi however. In those cases, if higher resolution is needed for a client's purpose, the image may be rescanned. Images that qualify for rescanning will be identified by representing their resolution data in brackets.

Photographic Formats: Three photographic formats have been used to create the images presented: 1) 35mm negative film, 2) digital camera (Nikon CP-900) with a maximum resolution of 1280x960 (4 iterations of 640x480), a Nikon D-100 which resolves at 3008x2000pixels (6 megapixels), a Nikon D2x (12 megapixels - DX format) and a Nikon D700 (12 megapixels - FX format).

Quality: While many of the works presented have obviously been selected for their aesthetic appeal or evocative content, other images have been chosen for their informational or illustrative function.

Feedback: Suggestions and comments, including want-lists or preferences are always welcome. Kindly mail responses to the following address pix@studiolo.net

File-name conventions:

[not yet compiled]

A. 35mm images are generally identified by the processing date, as follows:
yyyy-mm-ddxxx####-nnaaa_b-pix.fff
yyyy = year, mm = month, dd = day, xxx = code for name of negative processor, xxx =  processor's id number for role, nn = negative sequence number assigned in scan, aaa = codes for scanning options, _a, _b, etc. = editing variants, -pix = source identification, fff = image file type.

When information is missing or unavailable -- generally for dates -- a sequence of only zeros substitute for numbers. Therefore a file name in this form (1999-02-0000) means that the negative was processed sometime in February 1999.

B. Nikon Coolpix 900 images are identified as follows:
yymmdd-hhmm-ss-pix.fff where
yy is the last two digits of the year, mm = the month, dd = the day
hh = the hour (Eastern Standard Time), mm = minutes, and ss = seconds. -pix is thee source identification.
fff is the image file type. (_a, _b, etc. are editing variants.)

C: Nikon D-100, D2x and D700 images are identified as follows:
yyyy-mm-dd-hh-mm-ss_a-pix.fff where
yyyy = year, mm=month, dd=day
hh = hour (24 hr format) in Eastern Standard Time
mm = minute, ss = second, and optionally ".n" stands for a sequence within the stated second.  This information often will be followed by an "underscore" (_) which is used to identify post-processing states. fff is the suffix used to identify the image file format employed -- such as "jpg," "tif," and "psd," among others.

Using the image resource:

The Directory:
In the Directory Images are grouped by topics roughly determined and defined by theme and association. Sometimes individual images will be appear in more than one topic.  The topics generally follow a scheme that separates Flora, Fauna (including humans), man-made environments, artifacts and products. The selection and order of topics is specific to the works presented and is expected to grow as the number of offerings increases. Internal hyperlinks are used to show connections among works appearing in topic categories.  External hyperlinks draw the user's attention to other materials of interest.

Topics:
Typically, the user will select an appropriate topic, such as "Gates and Fences," view the thumbnail images and select perhaps one or several to view in larger format. These selections will appear in an alternate browser window. Because it may be confusing at first, it is important to know how the computer will present the alternate browser to the user: If no second browser is already open, then when an image is selected, a new window will open bearing the selection. It is not necessary to close this window to return to the page of thumbnails or to the directory -- it may be left open. Just chose the Directory tab from the computer task bar -- or whatever is comparable on Macintosh machines . As long as this alternate window is open, further selections of images will be added to the current list in the alternate browser window. The user may page forward or backward in this list as appropriate -- even if he or she changes "topic pages" -- say, from "Gates and Fences," to "Cemeteries." Topic pages chosen from "The Directory" operate in the same fashion as the pages used to display the 480 (or 640) pixel images -- they are collected (and remembered) in a window of their own. Thus as you page back and forth through the image pages, you may page back and forth through the topic (thumbnail) pages. For this you may used the browser's "Back" and "Forward" buttons, or the topic page's "Previous" and "Next" Buttons. (In the Gallery section, when "NEXT" is not active, you have reached the last page.)

In addition, each "Gallery" page includes, at the bottom the numerical sequence of all Gallery pages that may be used quickly to move from one Gallery topic page to another. Also, each "Gallery" page includes a link to the "Gallery Index Page," that serves the same function -- more efficiently, I believe.

Each topic page contains a link with that may be used to bring the user back to the "Subject Directory." When there is more than one page per topic, hypertext page numbers appear in the header (and often the footer) of each topic page, as well as in the topic sections of "The Directory."  In addition, it is planned to include a way of paging through the topic pages without recourse to the directory, and to offer a directory of named places and a means of searching through the text captions.

Searches:

Most studiolo-pix web-pages offer a direct link to Google. This link offers a choice between limiting the search to the studiolo.org (or studiolo.net) domains or widening them to the entire Google database.

Services:

Prints for collectors and decorators. Collector prints are signed, dated and numbered -- typically limited to editions of 150 in a  variety of sizes. Decorator prints are identified, but not signed and are not numbered.

Mock-up (watermarked) printed images are available for graphic use and production and for use in "comps" (Comprehensive Dummies).

Internet licensing, in one, two and five-year periond.

Publication, with one-time-only and other options.

Scholarly use and teaching. Scholars and Academic Visual Resources Curators may wish to consult the (as yet not implemented) list of scholarly and art-historical images.

Copyright:

Unless otherwise noted, all images are the copyrighted property of Robert A. Baron, who, for purposes relating to this site, may be reached through following address link: pix@studiolo.net. The author claims all rights of copyright to these images as provided by national and international law, and in all contracts reserves for himself all rights not specifically granted.

On some occasions, the underlying work (the subject of the photograph) may enjoy a separate copyright -- usually controlled by the artist, his agent or heirs. In those instances, when such copyrights are believed to exist, photographs are labeled as follows: "photo © xxxx, Robert A. Baron." In most cases users should assume that copyright applies to the photograph, not the underlying object. Some works may be available for scholarly or editorial use, but not for commercial use. Out of respect for the privacy of the sitter or subject, some works will not be sold or licensed.

Note: The copyright date shown on the sample photographs for digital photographs represents the date that an image was exposed, or, in the case of film, the year that the image was processed to form a usable negative. The date of first publication of necessity will differ. Moreover, the images displayed here may represent an aesthetic variation on the original image -- a work derivative of the author's original, in copyright terms -- and may sustain its own copyright. When more than a single copyright date appears, the reader should assume that the work exists in multiple variants.

Fair Use: The author believes firmly that those who reap the benefits of copyright have a countervailing responsibility to serve the interests of society to make their works (when requested) available for uses that conform minimally to the statutory definition of Fair Use -- a particularly difficult right to claim in today's litigious climate. No creator works in a vacuum; as much as he may rely upon the work of others, he owes a debt to those who follow him. Consequently, upon suitable application, and upon certain conditions, the author will be happy to grant license at little or no cost to those individuals and institutions whose needs seem consistent with the aims of Fair Use. Sir Isaac Newton said that he was able to see further because he "stood on the shoulders of giants." All creators stand on the shoulders of giants.

Display License:

Educational License:

1. Student and personal use: Images in this resource appear as thumbnails (usually bounded by a 200x200 pixel box) and as low resolution enlargements, typically sized for either a 480x480 pixel box or a 640x640 pixel box. The latter two resolutions are identified with the author's (photographer's) copyright and e-mail address. Students, scholars and individuals are given license to use both low-resolution enlargements at no cost for their personal non-profit, non-commercial purposes providing they comply with the following conditions:

a) copyright and authorship information are not removed from the images they obtain,
b) in papers and publications, including the use of the image on the web, the URL for this site and the address of the image is reproduced in an accessibly convenient location so that it may easily be associated with the image(s) in use,
c) the filenames in online uses of the image files are not altered,
d) the transfer of image files to third parties is made only if third parties agree to these listed conditions,
e) the credit-line shall read as follows: "Photo © [year] by Robert A. Baron (pix@studiolo.net)", students utilizing more than five images for any single project must inform the author/photographer of the use and list the works used (with filenames).
f) In those cased where the displayed image is larger than what will fit into a 640x640 pixel box, the images will be reduced to that (or smaller) dimensions.

The above conditions do not apply for the use of 200x200pixel thumbnails, which may be used without license or attribution by anyone for any non-commercial, non-profit purpose.

2. Classroom use: Images for classroom use will be supplied in resolutions that fit within a 1500 pixel box -- or smaller (if the 1500 pixel size is not available). Non-profit educational institutions may acquire a perpetual license to use the images on this database for teaching, under the following conditions:

a) the system used to maintain digital images records the copyright, source and authorship information and makes this information available to users upon request,
b) requests for publication rights will be forwarded to pix@studiolo.net with the original filename of the received file (Educational institutions may change the filename to conform to their specific application.),
c) acquisition of image rights are understood to apply to a single physical location or campus. (See below for licensing provisions applicable to multi-campus situations.) If to be placed on a network for other educational uses, requests must so indicate.
d) Use of images in on-line distance education courses that do not serve the goal of matriculation and advancement in the licensing educational institution are not permitted.
e) All online applications must contain a caution about the unauthorized use of licensed images.

Classroom use rights include the following:

--edit location 1/16/2008--

a) Projection in class or on examinations without authorship attribution or other identification.
b) Placement on a secure server to serve the needs of students registered in courses. (No request is made to limit access to students registered in specific courses, only that they be full or part-time students.) Thumbnails -- to a maximum 200x200pixels -- may be placed on non-secure servers, including those that publish an educational institutions image database.
c) Students may make paper prints and/or copies of images for use in class-assigned papers,
d) Images may be used in off-campus presentations of a scholarly, non-profit nature, such as may be presented at conferences.
e) Licensing institutions may distribute images conforming to the 480 pixel box to students who must use the images in conformity to the requirements, above, for students and individuals. Images for generally free use in the 640 pixel class are available only at the option of the PIX STUDIOLO administrator. If 640px images are needed by students, they should be encouraged to see if they are available on-line.

3: Multi-site classroom use: Same as single site classroom use. Images may be served from a single location or from multiple servers. License determines the maximum number of sites. [License provision still under development.]

4. Educational Publication use:

a) Students: As described above, any image on the PIX STUDIOLO on-line database may be used by students for class papers with no charge and without permission. Attribution requirements, as cited above, apply.

b) Dissertations: The same applies for use in Ph.D. dissertations to be filed/published by UMI. If an image larger that that available on the PIX STUDIOLO database is needed, the educational per/image price applies, and carries with it license to use in a published dissertation. Requests for such images must be made in writing (or e-mail) and must include the file numbers by which the specific images are identified. Attribution requirements as cited above, apply.

c) Scholarly publications: Non-profit and For-profit journals of a scholarly nature that have a distribution of 500 copies or less may acquire a 1500pixel image at the educational rate for classroom use. The image will be licensed for a one-time use within the text or image plates with no additional fee. If the image is to be indexed and electronically archived, the total license fee for first publication and archiving is two times the educational price. In such situations electronically archived images must only appear in association with the text and must be available only to those who have rights to view the archived journal. License is perpetual but adheres only to the specific use requested. (If an image is required in a subsequent journal number, licensing commences anew.) Cover illustrations for journals of this class will be available at four times the current educational rate. Cover illustrations may place text over image, may be cropped and bled to the margins of the paper. They may be used on dust-jackets and in advertising for the journal.

d) Images for the Art Bulletin and the Art Journal may be acquired on the same basis as journals qualifying under section "c," above.

d) University presses:

e) Trade books:

Cover illustrations

5. High Resolution Images: High resolution images are available for additional fees. The topic pages (containing the thumbnails) state the original resolution of images. A high resolution image for educational use that is 3000 pixels across (rather than 1500 pixels) costs four times the educational rate. Large images may be reduced for projection and used in place of 1500 pixel images and smaller sizes (as needed).

High resolution images from 35mm filmstock and slides are available. Currently PIX STUDIOLO can scan at 4000ppi, but most catalogue images from slides have only be scanned at 1500 or 2000ppi. When an image is potentially available at a higher resolution that stated in the catalogue, its resolution figures will appear within brackets. Rescanning is available. The current fee is $30 for the first scan and $20 for each additional scan. Reader note: scanning at a higher resolution does not always yield additional data.

Purchase Prints for Display - Acquire a Print

Quality ink-jet digital prints of images in the Gallery section may be acquired for display. Availability and pricing follow:

Most prints will be printed on acid-free heavyweight matte stock. The sizes available are determined by the size of the printing stock.  Image size will be smaller than the printing stock chosen (of course), but the precise size of the image will be determined by the photographer.

8 1/2 x 11 inch stock:
(Epson Ultra Premium Presentation Paper - Matte)
Typically horizontal formats are printed about 9 1/2 inches wide and vertical formats about 9 1/2 inches high. All works are signed, identified and described on their verso.
$035.00 -- Unsigned and  unmatted.
$  70.00 -- Signed and unmatted.
$120.00 -- Signed and matted (11 x 14) in acid-free exhibit rag white or exhibit black.
Framed images are not recommended because of the difficulty in shipping glass.
8 1/2 x 11 digital photographs are not numbered and are not produced in limited editions.

11.7 x 16.5 or 13 x 19 stock: (Epson Ultra Premium Presentation Paper - Matte) Exact printing size will be determined at time of printing unless special requests are received. Typically expect the smallest margin to be 1 inch beyond the photograph's border.
$100.00 -- Unsigned and unmatted.
$250.00 -- Signed, numbered and unmatted. Most prints will be issued in limited editions of 50.
$300.00 -- Signed, numbered and matted (16x20) in acid-free exhibit white or exhibit black.
$350.00 -- Signed, numbered and matted (20x24) in acid-free exhibit white or exhibit black.
Framed images are not recommended because of the difficulty in shipping glass. If frames are required, it is suggested that you use the services of a local framer.

All prices include shipping and state and local taxes (when applicable). The photographer reserves the right to limit the printing sizes available. Unmatted prints larger than 8 1/2 x 11 inches will be rolled and sent in a tube.

Notes: Printing sizes are limited by the proportions of the original images. Typically, the largest image requires an unprinted margin of at least one inch on a side. Images are printed on an Epson 2200 printer. -- Non-profit Educational institutions that require prints may take a 25% discount from the price of unmatted and unsigned images. Such discounted works are acquired under the proviso that they not be sold or their title transferred until two years after the date of acquisition has passed. -- Non-profit Educational institutions that acquire prints in their own name are licensed to duplicate and archive their images in the form of 2x2 slide (35mm) transparencies for the limited purpose of teaching and archival documentation. No other right of reproduction or publication accompanies the sale of prints -- except those ordinarily applicable under the fair use provisions of U.S. copyright code. See, below, for educational license fees.

Note: Prices for prints not listed in the "Gallery" section have not yet been determined. Write for further information. If an image appears in the Gallery sections and in another category, the prices set within the Gallery section apply.

Return to "Gallery" section.

Educational License Fees

Image Resolutions

Standard Graphic Resolutions

last edit: 1/16/2008